Hyperacidity

Hyperacidity, also known as acid reflux or acid dyspepsia, is a condition characterized by an excessive production of stomach acid. It occurs when the acid from the stomach flows back into the esophagus, causing discomfort and irritation. Hyperacidity can manifest with various symptoms, ranging from mild to severe. In this article, we will delve into the causes, symptoms, and management strategies for hyperacidity.

Hyperacidity, characterized by an excess of stomach acid and acid reflux, can cause discomfort and impact daily life. By adopting lifestyle modifications, making dietary changes, and, if necessary, using medications, most individuals with hyperacidity can effectively manage their symptoms and prevent complications.

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Causes:

Hyperacidity can have several underlying causes, including:

  1. Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD): This chronic condition occurs when the lower esophageal sphincter (LES), a muscular ring that acts as a barrier between the stomach and the esophagus, weakens or relaxes inappropriately, allowing stomach acid to flow back into the esophagus.

  2. Hiatal Hernia: A hiatal hernia occurs when a portion of the stomach protrudes through the diaphragm into the chest cavity, causing acid reflux and hyperacidity symptoms.

  3. Dietary Triggers: Certain foods and beverages, such as spicy or fatty foods, citrus fruits, tomatoes, caffeine, chocolate, and alcohol, can trigger hyperacidity by increasing stomach acid production or relaxing the LES.

  4. Obesity: Excess weight can increase pressure on the stomach, leading to acid reflux and hyperacidity symptoms.

  5. Medications: Certain medications, including nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), aspirin, antibiotics, and some blood pressure medications, can contribute to hyperacidity.

Symptoms:

The symptoms of hyperacidity can vary from person to person. Common signs and symptoms include:

  1. Heartburn: A burning sensation in the chest, often rising towards the throat, is a classic symptom of hyperacidity. It may worsen after meals or when lying down.

  2. Regurgitation: The backflow of stomach acid into the throat can lead to a sour or bitter taste in the mouth, accompanied by a feeling of fluid or food coming back up.

  3. Dyspepsia: A general discomfort or pain in the upper abdomen, often described as a feeling of fullness, bloating, or indigestion, may occur.

  4. Nausea and Vomiting: Some individuals with hyperacidity may experience feelings of nausea, which can occasionally progress to vomiting.

  5. Difficulty Swallowing: In severe cases, persistent hyperacidity can cause narrowing of the esophagus, making it difficult to swallow (dysphagia).