Lichen Planus

Lichen planus is a chronic inflammatory disorder that affects the skin, mucous membranes, nails, and hair. It is characterized by the appearance of itchy, flat-topped, purple-colored bumps or lesions that may be accompanied by white lacy patterns. Lichen planus is not contagious and typically affects adults aged 30 to 60 years, although it can occur at any age. In this article, we will delve into the causes, symptoms, and treatment options available for managing lichen planus.
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Causes:

The exact cause of lichen planus is still unknown, but researchers believe it is an autoimmune condition in which the body’s immune system mistakenly attacks healthy cells. Certain factors may trigger or contribute to the development of lichen planus, including:

  1. Genetic predisposition: There seems to be a genetic component involved, as lichen planus can sometimes run in families.

  2. Immune system dysfunction: Abnormal immune responses and inflammatory reactions may play a role in the development of lichen planus.

  3. Medications: Certain medications, such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), beta-blockers, and certain antibiotics, have been associated with lichen planus as a potential side effect.

  4. Hepatitis C infection: Lichen planus has been linked to hepatitis C infection in some cases.

Symptoms:

The signs and symptoms of lichen planus can vary depending on the affected area. Common manifestations include:

  1. Skin: The appearance of flat-topped, shiny, and itchy purple or reddish-brown bumps or lesions. These can occur on the wrists, ankles, lower back, and genitals. In some cases, the lesions may form a lacy pattern known as Wickham’s striae.

  2. Mucous membranes: Lichen planus can affect the inside of the mouth, causing white patches or sores. These may be painful, making it uncomfortable to eat or drink. The tongue, gums, and lips are common sites of involvement.

  3. Nails: Lichen planus can cause nail abnormalities such as ridges, grooves, pitting, thinning, or nail loss.

  4. Scalp and hair: Lichen planopilaris is a variant that affects the scalp and can lead to scarring and permanent hair loss in some cases.

Treatment Options:

The treatment for lichen planus aims to relieve symptoms, reduce inflammation, and promote healing. The approach may vary depending on the severity of the condition and the areas affected. Treatment options include:

  1. Topical medications: Corticosteroid creams or ointments are commonly prescribed to reduce inflammation and itching. Topical calcineurin inhibitors may be used for mucous membrane involvement.

  2. Oral medications: In more severe cases, oral corticosteroids or other immunosuppressive drugs may be prescribed to control the symptoms and prevent further progression.

  3. Light therapy: Phototherapy, using ultraviolet (UV) light, may be recommended to reduce inflammation and promote healing.

  4. Lifestyle modifications: Maintaining good oral hygiene and avoiding potential triggers, such as certain foods or irritating substances, can help manage symptoms.

  5. Supportive care: Over-the-counter remedies, such as mouth rinses or topical numbing agents, can provide temporary relief for oral lichen planus. Good skin care practices and avoiding excessive scratching are also essential.